Purpose: Categories of Liquids & Types of Samples Measurable with the VISTA Spectrophotometer.

The Transmittance & Optical Property Measurements of these categories:

• Transmittance Spectrophotometry helps assess clarity, purity, color, and contamination.
• Optical Indices such as haze, color (CIELAB, Yellowness Index, APHA), and absorbance.
• Industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, petrochemicals, and optics require stringent quality control using spectrophotometric analysis.

Below is a comprehensive list of liquid categories and examples of specific samples that are routinely analyzed for Transmittance and optical properties using the VISTA spectrophotometer:

1. Hydrocarbons & Petroleum-Based Liquids

• Used in the chemical, energy, and materials industries.

Types of Samples:

• Aromatic Hydrocarbons → Benzene, Toluene, Xylene (BTX), Styrene
• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons → Hexane, Heptane, Paraffin Oils
• Petroleum Distillates → Naphtha, Kerosene
• Lubricants & Hydraulic Fluids → Synthetic Oils, Silicone Oils

2. Alcohols, Glycols, & Organic Solvents

•  Used in Pharmaceuticals, industrial manufacturing, and personal care.

Types of Samples:

• Alcohols → Ethanol, Methanol, Isopropanol, Butanol
• Glycols → Ethylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Glycerol
• Ketones → Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
• Esters → Ethyl Acetate, Butyl Acetate
• Chlorinated Solvents → Chloroform, Dichloromethane

3. Edible Oils & Fats

•  Used in the Food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Types of Samples:

• Vegetable Oils → Soybean Oil, Canola Oil, Sunflower Oil
• Fruit-Based Oils → Olive Oil, Avocado Oil, Coconut Oil
• Animal-Derived Oils → Fish Oil, Lard, Tallow
• Specialty Oils → Essential Oils, CBD Oil

4. Fuels & Energy Liquids

•  Used in Energy, transportation, and aviation.

Types of Samples:

• Gasoline & Diesel → Automotive & Industrial Fuels
• Jet Fuels → Kerosene-Based Aviation Fuels
• Biofuels → Biodiesel, Ethanol Blends
• Heating Oils → Light & Heavy Fuel Oils

5. Water & Aqueous Solutions

•  Used in Pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and laboratory applications.

Types of Samples:

• Purified & Ultra-Pure Water → Laboratory & Pharmaceutical-Grade Water
• Brines & Salt Solutions → Saline, Seawater, Electrolyte Solutions
• Acids & Bases → Sulfuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide Solutions
• Dissolved Chemical Solutions → Sugar Solutions, Buffer Solutions

6. Beverages & Food Liquids

•  Used in Food & beverage quality control.

Types of Samples:

• Alcoholic Beverages → Beer, Wine, Spirits, Distilled Alcohols
• Juices & Soft Drinks → Citrus Juices, Carbonated Beverages
• Syrups & Concentrates → Corn Syrup, Maple Syrup, Liquid Sweeteners
• Dairy-Based Liquids → Milk, Whey Protein Solutions

7. Pharmaceutical & Cosmetic Liquids

• Used in Drug formulation, skincare, and cosmetic quality control.

Types of Samples:

• Liquid Medications → IV Solutions, Oral Suspensions
• Perfumes & Fragrances → Essential Oil Blends, Alcohol-Based Fragrances
• Lotions & Serums → Skincare Liquids, Emulsified Lotions
• Cosmetic Oils → Mineral Oils, Carrier Oils

8. Specialty & Industrial Liquids

•  Used in Manufacturing, research, and engineering.

Types of Samples:

• Polymers & Resins → Liquid Epoxies, Polyurethane Solutions
• Paints & Coatings → Clear Coats, Lacquers, UV-curable resins
• Coolants & Antifreeze → Ethylene Glycol-Based Coolants
• Photographic & Imaging Solutions → Developer Solutions, Fixers

9. Biological & Biomedical Liquids

•  Used in Medical research and diagnostic testing.

Types of Samples:

• Blood Plasma & Serum → Used for optical clarity and protein concentration analysis
• Cell Culture Media → Growth Medium in Biotech Applications
• Urine & Biological Fluids → Used in Diagnostics and Drug Testing
• Tissue Processing Liquids → Fixatives & Embedding Media

10. Optical & Electronic Industry Liquids

• Used in: Semiconductor and precision optical industries.

Types of Samples:

• Optical Lens Cleaning Fluids → High-Purity Alcohol & Solvent Mixtures
• Photoresists & Developer Solutions → Semiconductor Lithography Chemicals
• Silicone-Based Liquids → Optical Encapsulation Materials

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